Phosphate Rock

Most phosphate fertilizers are produced from phosphate rock, notably igneous apatite and sedimentary phosphorite. Phosphate ore is extracted and processed into phosphate rock concentrates, grading from 15% to 41% P2O5.

Processed Phosphates

Intermediates products (Merchant Grade Phosphoric Acid or MGA; and Super Phosphoric Acid or SPA) and mainstream phosphates fertilizers with high P2O5 content: Mono-Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP)

Phosphoric Acid
Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) is an intermediate product in liquid form used in the manufacture of a wide variety of fertilizers and chemical products. Phosphoric acid is made by two processes: the ‘wet’ process and thermal process. About 85% of the phosphoric acid produced is used to make fertilizers.

Mono-Ammonium Phosphate (MAP)
Phosphate Fertilizers with an average P2O5 content of 52%, and 10-11% N. MAP is mainly formed by reacting phosphoric acid with ammonia.

Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP)
Phosphate Fertilizers with an average P2O5 content of 46%, and 15-18 % N. DAP is mainly formed by reacting phosphoric acid with ammonia.

Triple Superphosphate (TSP)
High analysis Phosphatic Fertilizers with an average P2O5 content of 45-46%. TSP is produced by reacting phosphoric acid with phosphate rock.

Single Superphosphates
(also known as normal or ordinary superphosphate): Phosphate Fertilizers with an average P2O5content of 19%, and 10-12% Sulphur). SSP is produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid and finely-grounded phosphate rock in continuous or batch mixing processes. P nutrient concentration can vary between 15% and 22%.